Spider Silk Research

Publications

Journal Articles

2026
  • Osterholz, H.; Jeyalekshmy, S. S.; Schmuck, B.; Bohn Pessatti, T.; Benesch, J. L. P.; Rising, A.; Leppert, A.; Landreh, M. Single-Molecule Mass Measurements Reveal Distinct Effects of Sodium and Potassium on Mini-Spidroin Assembly. Commun. Mater. 2026, 7 (1), 42. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43246-025-01051-3.

  • Bohn Pessatti, T.; Schmuck, B.; Greco, G.; Stadlmayr, S.; Karlsson, E.; Gross, B.; Leppert, A.; Landreh, M.; Rising, A. Intrinsically Colored Artificial Silk Fibers Made from Mini-Spidroin Fusion Proteins. Commun. Mater. 2026, 7 (1), 70. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43246-026-01079-z.

  • Osterholz, H.; Stevens, A.; Abramsson, M. L.; Lama, D.; Brackmann, K.; Rising, A.; Elofsson, A.; Marklund, E. G.; Deindl, S.; Leppert, A.; Landreh, M. Native Mass Spectrometry Captures the Conformational Plasticity of Proteins with Low-Complexity Domains. JACS Au 2025, 5 (1), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacsau.4c00961.
  • Romaņuks, V.; Fridmanis, J.; Schmuck, B.; Bula, A. L.; Lends, A.; Senkane, K.; Leitis, G.; Gaidukovs, S.; Smits, K.; Rising, A.; Smits, G.; Jaudzems, K. Biomimetic Spider Silk by Crosslinking and Functionalization with Multiarm Polyethylene Glycol. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2025, 35 (15), 2409487. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202409487.
  • Rising, A.; Schmuck, B.; Greco, G. Spider Silk: From Genetic Blueprint to High-Performance Materials. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2025, 35 (15), 2504144. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202504144.
  • Del Bianco, L.; Schmuck, B.; Spizzo, F.; Veintemillas-Verdaguer, S.; Pugno, N. M.; Rising, A.; Morales, M. P.; Greco, G. Artificial Spider Silk Fibers with Embedded Magnetite Nanoparticles. Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2025, 310 (11), e00249. https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202500249.
  • Fan, R.; Knuuttila, K.; Schmuck, B.; Greco, G.; Rising, A.; Linder, M. B.; Aranko, A. S. Sustainable Spinning of Artificial Spider Silk Fibers with Excellent Toughness and Inherent Potential for Functionalization. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2025, 35 (15), 2410415. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202410415.
  • Greco, G.; Schmuck, B.; Fazio, V.; Puglisi, G.; Florio, G.; Pugno, N. M.; Fambri, L.; Rising, A. Temperature-Induced Effects on Wet-Spun Artificial Spider Silk Fibers. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2025, 35 (15), 2418435. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202418435.
  • Greco, G.; Schmuck, B.; Del Bianco, L.; Spizzo, F.; Fambri, L.; Pugno, N. M.; Veintemillas-Verdaguer, S.; Morales, M. P.; Rising, A. High-Performance Magnetic Artificial Silk Fibers Produced by a Scalable and Eco-Friendly Production Method. Adv. Compos. Hybrid Mater. 2024, 7 (5), 163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-024-00962-y.
  • Qi, X.; Wang, H.; Wang, K.; Wang, Y.; Leppert, A.; Iashchishyn, I.; Zhong, X.; Zhou, Y.; Liu, R.; Rising, A.; Landreh, M.; Johansson, J.; Chen, G. Spiders Use Structural Conversion of Globular Amyloidogenic Domains to Make Strong Silk Fibers. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2024, 34 (23), 2315409. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202315409.
  • Sonavane, S.; Hassan, S.; Chatterjee, U.; Soler, L.; Holm, L.; Mollbrink, A.; Greco, G.; Fereydouni, N.; Vinnere Pettersson, O.; Bunikis, I.; Churcher, A.; Lantz, H.; Johansson, J.; Reimegård, J.; Rising, A. Origin, Structure, and Composition of the Spider Major Ampullate Silk Fiber Revealed by Genomics, Proteomics, and Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics. Sci. Adv. 2024, 10 (33), eadn0597. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adn0597.
  • Schmuck, B.; Greco, G.; Shilkova, O.; Rising, A. Effects of Mini-Spidroin Repeat Region on the Mechanical Properties of Artificial Spider Silk Fibers. ACS Omega 2024, 9 (41), 42423–42432. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c06031.
  • Schmuck, B.; Greco, G.; Pessatti, T. B.; Sonavane, S.; Langwallner, V.; Arndt, T.; Rising, A. Strategies for Making High-Performance Artificial Spider Silk Fibers. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2024, 34 (35), 2305040. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202305040.
  • Arndt, T.; Chatterjee, U.; Shilkova, O.; Francis, J.; Lundkvist, J.; Johansson, D.; Schmuck, B.; Greco, G.; Nordberg, Å. E.; Li, Y.; Wahlberg, L. U.; Langton, M.; Johansson, J.; Götherström, C.; Rising, A. Tuneable Recombinant Spider Silk Protein Hydrogels for Drug Release and 3D Cell Culture. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2024, 34 (35), 2303622. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202303622.
  • Leppert, A.; Feng, J.; Railaite, V.; Bohn Pessatti, T.; Cerrato, C. P.; Mörman, C.; Osterholz, H.; Lane, D. P.; Maia, F. R. N. C.; Linder, M. B.; Rising, A.; Landreh, M. Controlling Drug Partitioning in Individual Protein Condensates through Laser-Induced Microscale Phase Transitions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2024, 146 (28), 19555–19565. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.4c06688.
  • Landreh, M.; Osterholz, H.; Chen, G.; Knight, S. D.; Rising, A.; Leppert, A. Liquid-Liquid Crystalline Phase Separation of Spider Silk Proteins. Commun. Chem. 2024, 7 (1), 260. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42004-024-01357-2.
  • Greco, G.; Schmuck, B.; Bäcklund, F. G.; Reiter, G.; Rising, A. Post-Spin Stretch Improves Mechanical Properties, Reduces Necking, and Reverts Effects of Aging in Biomimetic Artificial Spider Silk Fibers. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. 2024, 6 (23), 14342–14350. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.4c02192.
  • Greco, G.; Rising, A. Structural Interspecies Variability of Mammals’ Hairs. Biophys. Rev. 2024, 5 (3), 032103. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0225513.
  • Sahin, C.; Motso, A.; Gu, X.; Feyrer, H.; Lama, D.; Arndt, T.; Rising, A.; Gese, G. V.; Hällberg, B. M.; Marklund, Erik. G.; Schafer, N. P.; Petzold, K.; Teilum, K.; Wolynes, P. G.; Landreh, M. Mass Spectrometry of RNA-Binding Proteins during Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation Reveals Distinct Assembly Mechanisms and Droplet Architectures. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2023, 145 (19), 10659–10668. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.3c00932.
  • Leppert, A.; Chen, G.; Lama, D.; Sahin, C.; Railaite, V.; Shilkova, O.; Arndt, T.; Marklund, E. G.; Lane, D. P.; Rising, A.; Landreh, M. Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation Primes Spider Silk Proteins for Fiber Formation via a Conditional Sticker Domain. Nano Lett. 2023, 23 (12), 5836–5841. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00773.
  • Sonavane, S.; Westermark, P.; Rising, A.; Holm, L. Regionalization of Cell Types in Silk Glands of Larinioides Sclopetarius Suggest That Spider Silk Fibers Are Complex Layered Structures. Sci. Rep. 2023, 13 (1), 22273. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49587-z.
  • Greco, G.; Schmuck, B.; Jalali, S. K.; Pugno, N. M.; Rising, A. Influence of Experimental Methods on the Mechanical Properties of Silk Fibers: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Road Map. Biophys. Rev. 2023, 4 (3), 031301. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0155552.
  • Jafari, M. J.; Bäcklund, F. G.; Arndt, T.; Schmuck, B.; Greco, G.; Rising, A.; Barth, A.; Ederth, T. Force-Induced Structural Changes in Spider Silk Fibers Introduced by ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. 2023, 5 (11), 9433–9444. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.3c01892.
  • Rising, A.; Harrington, M. J. Biological Materials Processing: Time-Tested Tricks for Sustainable Fiber Fabrication. Chem. Rev. 2023, 123 (5), 2155–2199. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00465.
  • Kaldmäe, M.; Vosselman, T.; Zhong, X.; Lama, D.; Chen, G.; Saluri, M.; Kronqvist, N.; Siau, J. W.; Ng, A. S.; Ghadessy, F. J.; Sabatier, P.; Vojtesek, B.; Sarr, M.; Sahin, C.; Österlund, N.; Ilag, L. L.; Väänänen, V. A.; Sedimbi, S.; Arsenian-Henriksson, M.; Zubarev, R. A.; Nilsson, L.; Koeck, P. J. B.; Rising, A.; Abelein, A.; Fritz, N.; Johansson, J.; Lane, D. P.; Landreh, M. A “Spindle and Thread” Mechanism Unblocks P53 Translation by Modulating N-Terminal Disorder. Structure 2022, 30 (5), 733-742.e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2022.02.013.
  • Chen, G.; Andrade-Talavera, Y.; Zhong, X.; Hassan, S.; Biverstål, H.; Poska, H.; Abelein, A.; Leppert, A.; Kronqvist, N.; Rising, A.; Hebert, H.; Koeck, P. J. B.; Fisahn, A.; Johansson, J. Abilities of the BRICHOS Domain to Prevent Neurotoxicity and Fibril Formation Are Dependent on a Highly Conserved Asp Residue. RSC Chem. Biol. 2022, 3 (11), 1342–1358. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CB00187J.
  • Arndt, T.; Jaudzems, K.; Shilkova, O.; Francis, J.; Johansson, M.; Laity, P. R.; Sahin, C.; Chatterjee, U.; Kronqvist, N.; Barajas-Ledesma, E.; Kumar, R.; Chen, G.; Strömberg, R.; Abelein, A.; Langton, M.; Landreh, M.; Barth, A.; Holland, C.; Johansson, J.; Rising, A. Spidroin N-Terminal Domain Forms Amyloid-like Fibril Based Hydrogels and Provides a Protein Immobilization Platform. Nat. Commun. 2022, 13 (1), 4695. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32093-7.
  • Sarr, M.; Kitoka, K.; Walsh-White, K.-A.; Kaldmäe, M.; Metlāns, R.; Tārs, K.; Mantese, A.; Shah, D.; Landreh, M.; Rising, A.; Johansson, J.; Jaudzems, K.; Kronqvist, N. The Dimerization Mechanism of the N-Terminal Domain of Spider Silk Proteins Is Conserved despite Extensive Sequence Divergence. J. Biol. Chem. 2022, 298 (5), 101913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101913.
  • ‘Kronqvist, N.; Rising, A.; Johansson, J. A Novel Approach for the Production of Aggregation-Prone Proteins Using the Spidroin-Derived NT* Tag. Methods Mol. Biol. 2022, 2406, 113–130. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1859-2_6.
  • Arndt, T.; Greco, G.; Schmuck, B.; Bunz, J.; Shilkova, O.; Francis, J.; Pugno, N. M.; Jaudzems, K.; Barth, A.; Johansson, J.; Rising, A. Engineered Spider Silk Proteins for Biomimetic Spinning of Fibers with Toughness Equal to Dragline Silks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022, 32 (23), 2200986. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202200986.
  • Šede, M.; Fridmanis, J.; Otikovs, M.; Johansson, J.; Rising, A.; Kronqvist, N.; Jaudzems, K. Solution Structure of Tubuliform Spidroin N-Terminal Domain and Implications for pH Dependent Dimerization. Front. Mol. Biosci. 2022, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2022.936887.
  • Greco, G.; Mirbaha, H.; Schmuck, B.; Rising, A.; Pugno, N. M. Artificial and Natural Silk Materials Have High Mechanical Property Variability Regardless of Sample Size. Sci. Rep. 2022, 12 (1), 3507. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-07212-5.
  • Bäcklund, F. G.; Schmuck, B.; Miranda, G. H. B.; Greco, G.; Pugno, N. M.; Rydén, J.; Rising, A. An Image-Analysis-Based Method for the Prediction of Recombinant Protein Fiber Tensile Strength. Materials 2022, 15 (3), 708. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030708.
  • Schmuck, B.; Greco, G.; Bäcklund, F. G.; Pugno, N. M.; Johansson, J.; Rising, A. Impact of Physio-Chemical Spinning Conditions on the Mechanical Properties of Biomimetic Spider Silk Fibers. Commun. Mater. 2022, 3 (1), 83. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43246-022-00307-6.
  • Mikolka, P.; Curstedt, T.; Feinstein, R.; Larsson, A.; Grendar, M.; Rising, A.; Johansson, J. Impact of Synthetic Surfactant CHF5633 with SP-B and SP-C Analogues on Lung Function and Inflammation in Rabbit Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Physiol. Rep. 2021, 9 (1), e14700. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14700.
  • Rising, A.; Gherardi, P.; Chen, G.; Johansson, J.; Oskarsson, M. E.; Westermark, G. T.; Westermark, P. AA Amyloid in Human Food Chain Is a Possible Biohazard. Sci. Rep. 2021, 11 (1), 21069. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00588-w.
  • Voices of Chemical Biology. Nat. Chem. Biol. 2020, 16 (6), 598–599. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-020-0543-8.
  • Schmuck, B.; Greco, G.; Barth, A.; Pugno, N. M.; Johansson, J.; Rising, A. High-Yield Production of a Super-Soluble Miniature Spidroin for Biomimetic High-Performance Materials. Mater. Today 2021, 50, 16–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2021.07.020.
  • Schmuck, B.; Chen, G.; Pelcman, J.; Kronqvist, N.; Rising, A.; Johansson, J. Expression of the Human Molecular Chaperone Domain Bri2 BRICHOS on a Gram per Liter Scale with an E. Coli Fed-Batch Culture. Microb. Cell Factories 2021, 20 (1), 150. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-021-01638-8.
  • Greco, G.; Arndt, T.; Schmuck, B.; Francis, J.; Bäcklund, F. G.; Shilkova, O.; Barth, A.; Gonska, N.; Seisenbaeva, G.; Kessler, V.; Johansson, J.; Pugno, N. M.; Rising, A. Tyrosine Residues Mediate Supercontraction in Biomimetic Spider Silk. Commun. Mater. 2021, 2 (1), 43. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43246-021-00147-w.
  • Hansson, M. L.; Chatterjee, U.; Francis, J.; Arndt, T.; Broman, C.; Johansson, J.; Sköld, M. K.; Rising, A. Artificial Spider Silk Supports and Guides Neurite Extension in Vitro. FASEB J. 2021, 35 (11), e21896. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.202100916R.
  • Basabe-Burgos, O.; Landreh, M.; Rising, A.; Curstedt, T.; Jan Johansson. Treatment of Respiratory Distress Syndrome with Single Recombinant Polypeptides That Combine Features of SP-B and SP-C. ACS Chem. Biol. 2021, 16 (12), 2864–2873. https://doi.org/10.1021/acschembio.1c00816.
  • Al Adwani, S.; Padhi, A.; Karadottir, H.; Mörman, C.; Gräslund, A.; Végvári, Á.; Johansson, J.; Rising, A.; Agerberth, B.; Bergman, P. Citrullination Alters the Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Functions of the Host Defense Peptide Canine Cathelicidin K9CATH In Vitro. J. Immunol. 2021, 207 (3), 974–984. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.2001374.
  • Lin, C.; Ekblad-Nordberg, Å.; Michaëlsson, J.; Götherström, C.; Hsu, C.-C.; Ye, H.; Johansson, J.; Rising, A.; Sundström, E.; Åkesson, E. In Vitro Study of Human Immune Responses to Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels, Recombinant Spidroins and Human Neural Progenitor Cells of Relevance to Spinal Cord Injury Repair. Cells 2021, 10 (7), 1713. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10071713.
  • Johansson, J.; Rising, A. Doing What Spiders Cannot—A Road Map to Supreme Artificial Silk Fibers. ACS Nano 2021. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c08933.
  • Arndt, T.; Laity, P. R.; Johansson, J.; Holland, C.; Rising, A. Native-like Flow Properties of an Artificial Spider Silk Dope. ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. 2021, 7 (2), 462–471. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01308.
  • Lewicka, M.; Rebellato, P.; Lewicki, J.; Uhlén, P.; Rising, A.; Hermanson, O. Recombinant Spider Silk Protein Matrices Facilitate Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells Into Mature and Functional Neurons. Front. Mater. 2021, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2020.560372.

  • Zhu, H.; Rising, A.; Johansson, J.; Zhang, X.; Lin, Y.; Zhang, L.; Yi, T.; Mi, J.; Meng, Q. Tensile Properties of Synthetic Pyriform Spider Silk Fibers Depend on the Number of Repetitive Units as Well as the Presence of N- and C-Terminal Domains. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2020, 154, 765–772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.042.

  • Basabe-Burgos, O.; Ahlström, J. Z.; Mikolka, P.; Landreh, M.; Johansson, J.; Curstedt, T.; Rising, A. Efficient Delipidation of a Recombinant Lung Surfactant Lipopeptide Analogue by Liquid-Gel Chromatography. PLOS ONE 2019, 14 (12), e0226072. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226072.
  • Zebialowicz Ahlström, J.; Massaro, F.; Mikolka, P.; Feinstein, R.; Perchiazzi, G.; Basabe-Burgos, O.; Curstedt, T.; Larsson, A.; Johansson, J.; Rising, A. Synthetic Surfactant with a Recombinant Surfactant Protein C Analogue Improves Lung Function and Attenuates Inflammation in a Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Adult Rabbits. Respir Res 2019, 20 (1), 245. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-019-1220-x.
  • Basabe-Burgos, O.; Zebialowicz, J.; Stichtenoth, G.; Curstedt, T.; Bergman, P.; Johansson, J.; Rising, A. Natural Derived Surfactant Preparation As a Carrier of Polymyxin E for Treatment of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Pneumonia in a Near-Term Rabbit Model. Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery 2019, 32 (2), 110–118. https://doi.org/10.1089/jamp.2018.1468.
  • Mojica-Benavides, M.; Herrera, A.; Rising, A.; Graeter, F.; Adiels, C. B. Spider Silk Self-Assembly for Micro-Fiber Formation Using Optical Tweezers and Microfluidics. In Biophotonics Congress: Optics in the Life Sciences Congress 2019 (BODA,BRAIN,NTM,OMA,OMP) (2019), paper AT3E.3; Optica Publishing Group, 2019; p AT3E.3. https://doi.org/10.1364/OMA.2019.AT3E.3
  • Sarr, M.; Kronqvist, N.; Chen, G.; Aleksis, R.; Purhonen, P.; Hebert, H.; Jaudzems, K.; Rising, A.; Johansson, J. A Spidroin-Derived Solubility Tag Enables Controlled Aggregation of a Designed Amyloid Protein. The FEBS Journal 2018, 285 (10), 1873–1885. https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.14451.
  • Gault, J.; Lianoudaki, D.; Kaldmäe, M.; Kronqvist, N.; Rising, A.; Johansson, J.; Lohkamp, B.; Laín, S.; Allison, T. M.; Lane, D. P.; Marklund, E. G.; Landreh, M. Mass Spectrometry Reveals the Direct Action of a Chemical Chaperone. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2018, 9 (14), 4082–4086. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01817.
  • Zhou, Y.; Rising, A.; Johansson, J.; Meng, Q. Production and Properties of Triple Chimeric Spidroins. Biomacromolecules 2018, 19 (7), 2825–2833. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00402.
  • Watson, A.; Kronqvist, N.; Spalluto, C. M.; Griffiths, M.; Staples, K. J.; Wilkinson, T.; Holmskov, U.; Sorensen, G. L.; Rising, A.; Johansson, J.; Madsen, J.; Clark, H. Novel Expression of a Functional Trimeric Fragment of Human SP-A with Efficacy in Neutralisation of RSV. Immunobiology 2017, 222 (2), 111–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imbio.2016.10.015.
  • Rising, A.; Cederlund, E.; Palmberg, C.; Uhlhorn, H.; Gaunitz, S.; Nordling, K.; Ågren, E.; Ihse, E.; Westermark, G. T.; Tjernberg, L.; Jörnvall, H.; Johansson, J.; Westermark, P. Systemic AA Amyloidosis in the Red Fox (Vulpes Vulpes). Protein Science 2017, 26 (11), 2312–2318. https://doi.org/10.1002/pro.3264.
  • Landreh, M.; Andersson, M.; Marklund, E. G.; Jia, Q.; Meng, Q.; Johansson, J.; Robinson, C. V.; Rising, A. Mass Spectrometry Captures Structural Intermediates in Protein Fiber Self-Assembly. Chem. Commun. 2017, 53 (23), 3319–3322. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CC00307B.
  • Otikovs, M.; Andersson, M.; Jia, Q.; Nordling, K.; Meng, Q.; Andreas, L. B.; Pintacuda, G.; Johansson, J.; Rising, A.; Jaudzems, K. Degree of Biomimicry of Artificial Spider Silk Spinning Assessed by NMR Spectroscopy. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2017, 56 (41), 12571–12575. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201706649.
  • Andersson, M.; Jia, Q.; Abella, A.; Lee, X.-Y.; Landreh, M.; Purhonen, P.; Hebert, H.; Tenje, M.; Robinson, C. V.; Meng, Q.; Plaza, G. R.; Johansson, J.; Rising, A. Biomimetic Spinning of Artificial Spider Silk from a Chimeric Minispidroin. Nat Chem Biol 2017, 13 (3), 262–264. https://doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.2269.
  • Kronqvist, N.; Sarr, M.; Lindqvist, A.; Nordling, K.; Otikovs, M.; Venturi, L.; Pioselli, B.; Purhonen, P.; Landreh, M.; Biverstål, H.; Toleikis, Z.; Sjöberg, L.; Robinson, C. V.; Pelizzi, N.; Jörnvall, H.; Hebert, H.; Jaudzems, K.; Curstedt, T.; Rising, A.; Johansson, J. Efficient Protein Production Inspired by How Spiders Make Silk. Nat Commun 2017, 8 (1), 15504. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15504.